Page:62 :What is meant by the word يوم in Surah Al-Fatiha? Meaning of the word Ad-Deen (ألدين) in Surah Al-Fatiha:

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What is meant by the word يوم in Surah Al-Fatiha?

Abullaith Nasruddin Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim As-Smarqandi described in his Tafsir:

“"إن ربكم ألذى خلق السموات والأرض" وذالك أن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم لما عير المشركين بعبادة الهتهم ونزل قوله: "لن يخلقوا ذبابا ولو إجتمعوا له"- وقوله: " مثل الذين إتخذوا من دون الله أولياء كمثل العنكبوت إتخذت بيتا وإن أوهن البيوت لبيت العنكبوت"- سألوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا: من ربك الذى تدعوننا إليه؟وأردوا ان يجحدوا فى إسمه طعناأو فى شيئ من أفعاله فنزلت هذه الاية فتحيروا وعجزوا عن الجواب فقال إن ربكم الله (أى خالقكم ورازقكم) الذى خلق السموات والأرض فى ستة أيام قال إبن عباس أى من أيام الاخرة طول كل يوم ألف سنة 

“Indeed your Rab , who created the skies and the earth”, and the background of this Ayah is that , when Nabi (Sm.)reproached the Mushriks (Polytheists)for worshiping their gods,  Allah revealed His saying:                                           "لن يخلقوا ذبابا ولو إجتمعوا له" They(gods of the Mushriks) will never create a fly , if they all come together for that”. (Hajj-73)And revealed Allah’s saying: " مثل الذين إتخذوا من دون الله أولياء كمثل العنكبوت إتخذت بيتا وإن أوهن البيوت لبيت العنكبوت " The example of those who take protectors other than Allah is like a spider ,who builds a house for himself. And the spider's house is the weakest of all houses.(Al-Ankabut-41) Mushriks asked Allah’s Rasul (Sm.), Who is your Rab? To whom do you invoke us? They wanted to deny Allah by insulting Him or any of His actions. Then this Ayah was revealed. They became puzzled and unable to answer.  Allah’s Rasul (Sm.) said: Indeed your Rab is Allah(It means your creator and sustainer), who created the skies and the earth in six days. Ibn Abbas said: It means the days of Akhirah (the next world), the length of every day is one thousand years.(Ref.1)

 (So, يوم الدين   (The day of recompense) is equal to a thousand years of this world).

                                                                                              

Meaning of the word Ad-Deen  (ألدين) in Surah Al-Fatiha:

1.Reward and recompense: Ibn Jarir At-Tabari Said: والدين فى هذا الموضع بتأويل الحساب والمجازة بالأعمال

Here (In Surah Al-Fatiha), Deen is explained as the accounting and reward for deeds.

“يوم الدين” means: The day of reckoning for all creation, the Day of Qiyamah.

Ibn Jarir also quoted a Hadith in his tafsir:

قال أبو جعفر إبن جرير الطبرى حدثنا أبو كريب محمد بن العلاء قال حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد قال حدثنا بشربن عمارة قال حدثنا أبو روق عن الضحاك عن عبد الله بن عباس:" يوم الدين "قال يوم حساب الخلائق هو يوم القيامة يدينهم بأعمالهم إن خيرا فخيرا وإن شرا فشرا إلا من عفا عنه فألأمر امره ثم قال " ألا له الخلق والأمر"(ألأعراف-54)

Abu J’afar Ibn Jarir At-Tabari said: Abu Kurayb Muhammad Ibn Al-`Alaa told us: Uthman Ibn Sa`id told us: Bishr Ibn `Amarah told us: Abu Rawq told us, on the authority of Ad-Dahhak, on the authority of `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas: “يوم الدين” means the Day of reckoning for all creation. It is the Day of Qiyamah or Resurrection. Allah will reward them for their deeds, if good, then good, and if evil, then evil, except for those whom He pardons. On that day, the command will be Allah's alone. Then Ibn Abbas Quoted an Ayah of the Quran:

(ألأعراف-54) “ألا له الخلق والأمر" Varily, to Him (belong) all the creation and command.(Al-A’raf: 54)(Ref.2)

 

Zujaj Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Ibnus Sari described in his book:

ألدين فى اللغة الجزاء يقال كما تدين تدان المعنى كما تعمل تعطى وتجازى

كما قال الشاعر: وأعلم وأيقن أن ملكك زائل           واعلم بأن كما تدين تدان   أى تجازى بما تفعل

Ad-Deen (ألدين) means in the dictionary- reward/recompense, as it is said in Arabic- كما تدين تدان means –as you do, so you will be given and rewarded. (In English proverb: “As you sow, so will you reap”).As the poet said:   Know and be firm that your kingdom will perish, and know that as you do, so you will be given.It means: You will be rewarded for what you do. (Ref.3)

Allah the Almighty said about الدين in Surah Al-Infitar:

وما أدرك ما يوم الدين- 17 ثم ما أدرك ما يوم الدين-18  يوم لا تملك نفس لنفس شيئا والأمر يومئذ لله-19

What thing will make you know what the day of recompense (يوم الدين) is? Then what thing will make you know what the day of recompense (يوم الدين) is? The day when no one shall have the power to do anything for another and command shall be entirely for Allah. (No one will have the power to order or prohibit). (Surah Al-Infitar-17, 18 &19)

 

2. Reward for good and evil:

As it is described in Sahih Al-Bukhari:

وفى الصحيح  البخارى الدين الجزاء فى الخير والشر كما تدين تدان وقال مجاهد بالدين (الماعون-1) بالحساب مدينين (الواقعة-81) محاسبين

In Sahih Al-Bukhari, الدين means the reward for good and evil.As it is said in conversation of the Arabian people: “As you do, so shall it be done to you” it means you will be rewarded for your actions and according to what you have done. Mujahid said, “بالدين” means “With account” (Al-Ma’un: 1) مدينين means “People who are reckoned and recompensed” (Al-Waqi’ah: 81) (Ref.4)

References :( المراجع)

1.   تفسيرالسمرقندى المسمى بحر العلومVolume-1- Page-545, Author: Abullaith Nasruddin Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim As-Smarqandi

2. تفسير الطبرى جامع البيان عن تأويل أى القران, Author –Abu Ja’far Muhammad Ibn Jarir At-Tabari, Volume-1, Page no-157–& 158 ألقول فى تاويل فاتحة الكتاب

3. معانى القرأن وإعرابه Author –Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Ibnus Sari Ibn Sahl renowned as Az-Zuza, Volume-1, Page-47

4. Sahih Bukhari (Arabic- English) By Dr.Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Volume-6 Page-21 كتاب التفسير - باب ما جاء فى فاتحة الكتاب

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