Page-10 : Meaning of Fard ,Wajib and Sunnah activities of Salah: What is Al- Amru (الامر)or "command indicative verbs" in Islam? Different meanings of (الامر)or "command" in Sharia: What are Jayez (الجائز) and Mubah(المباح)?

Meaning of Fard, Wajib, and Sunnah activities  of Salah:

“Fard activities of Salah (فرائض الصلاة): There are Six Fard activities of Salah. 1.Tahrimah2.Qiyam3.Qirat 4. Ruku 5.Sajdah 6. last sitting. (If any one of them is lost without any (شرعى)  legitimate reason,(Cause accepted in Shariah) Salah will be considered as canceled.)

It is said in Kanzud Daqazq-

هو دون الفرض فى العمل وفوق السنة كتعين الفاتحة حتى لاتفسد الصلاة بتركها لكن يجب سجدة السهو

“It is below Fard in the context of action and above the Sunnah, like specifying Surah Al-Fatiha for Salah, so that Salah will not be canceled by giving up it, but to offer  Sijdah Sahu (Sijdah for the mistake) will be Wajib.”(Ref.1)

What is meant by the Wajib Activities of Salah: (واجبات الصلاة)

" واجبات " المراد من واجبات الصلاة هو ان تجوز الصلاة بدونها وتجوز سجدتا السهو بتركها ساهيا والسنن ما فعله رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى اله وسلم على طريق المواظبة ولم يتركها الا بعذر نحو الثناء والتعوذ وتكبيرات الركوع والسجود

Wajib Activities of Salah mean- Salat will be permissible ( جائز)without performing that duty and offering two Sajdah of forgetfulness(سجدتا السهو )  is Wajib for giving up that duty mistakenly.

 Sunnah activities of Salah: (سنن الصلاة)The activities in Salah which Prophet (Sm.) did regularly and didn’t give up without any excuse for example –to recite سبحانك اللهم ".” up to the end, to recite اعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم to say الله اكبر at the time of Ruku and Sajdah is Sunnah.

Adab or Mustahab activities of Salah: Every activity that the Prophet (Sm.) did once or twice, not always, for example, reciting Tasbih more than three times in Ruku and Sajdah and reciting from the Quran more than Sunnah Quirat(القرأة ). (It is described in the book “An-Nehayah”) " (Ref.2)

 What are  Jayez (الجائز) and Mubah(المباح)? :الجائز انه قد يطلق ويراد به ما لايمتنع شرع

The word Jayez (الجائز)sometimes comes in general meaning and it means- what is not forbidden by Shariah. (Ref.3)

Mubah: وهو ما لم يكن فى فعله ولا تركه ثواب ولاعقاب it is that rule of Shariah, there is no reward or punishment for doing or leaving it. (Ref.4)

What is Al- Amru (الامر)or "command" in Islam? 

 Order/Command (الامر): وهو قول القاءل لغيره على سبيل الاستعلاء افعل means -the Saying of the speaker to others “do it”, in the way of considering himself superior. (Ref.5)

Different meanings of (الامر)or "command indicative verbs"  in Sharia:

ان صيغة الامر تستعمل على سبعة اوجه على الالزام كما قال الله تعالى" أمنوا بالله ورسوله" وقال تعالى "وأقيموا الصلاة وأتوا الزكاة" وعلى الندب كقوله تعالى "وافعلوا الخير" وقوله تعالى "واحسنوا" وعلى الاباحة "فكلوا مما امسكنا عليكم" وعلى الارشاد الى ما هوالاوثق "كقوله تعالى" واشهدوا اذا تبايعتم" وعلى التقريع كقوله تعالى" فاتوا بسورة من مثله"  وعلى التوبيخ كقوله تعالى" واستفزز من استطع منهم بصوتك"وعلى السوال كقوله تعالى " ربنا تقبل منا"

“Arabic Imperative word (الامر) is used in seven ways (meanings) in the Arabic language. 1. In the meaning of obligation (فرض), as Allah, the almighty said:  “You believe in Allah and His Rasul (Sm.) (An-Nisa -136).In another Ayat Allah, the Almighty said: “You establish Salat and pay Zakat.”)An-Nur -56) (Here imperative words “Believe” and “Establish” both are used for obligation (فرض).

 2. In the meaning of Mandub / Mustahab or desired act, As Allah, the almighty said- “do what is good.”(Hajj-77) In another Ayat Allah, the Almighty said: “And do well.” (Baqarah-195) Here the imperative words are used for Mandub or Mustahab. 3. In the meaning of the permissible or allowed act. (Mubah)As Allah, the almighty said: “So you eat what they catch for you.”  (Maidah -04)Here the imperative word is used for Mubah. 4. And for guidance to what is the most reliable, as Allah the almighty said: “And you take witness when you settle the commercial transaction with one another.” (Baqarah-282) Here the imperative word is used for guidance to the most reliable system. 5. In the meaning of knocking or challenge, as Allah the almighty said-“So you bring a Sura like it.”(Baqarah -23) 6. In the meaning of Scolding –as Allah, the Almighty said to Satan “And provoke with your call those whom you can”. (Isra -64) 7. In the meaning of a question, as Allah, the Almighty said: “O, my Rob accept from us.”(Baqarah-127)” (Ref.6)

 References:(المراجع)

1. بحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ,Volume-1 Page 11,Author-Zainud Deen renowned as Ibnu Najim (Rah.)

2.Al-Hidayah,Sharhu Bedayatil Mubtadi. Author-Burhanuddin Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Abi Bakr Al-Marginani  Ma’ Sharhe Abdil Hai Allaknawi. Publication of Idaratul Qurani wal-Ulumil Islamiah, Karachi, Pakistan, 1^st volume ,Page-304, Edition 1^st ,in 1417 Hizri Year

3. Raddul Muhtar Alad –Durril Mukhtar, Sharhu Tanwiril Absar, Renowned as Fatawa Shami, Author- Muhammad Amin, renowned as Ibnu Abedin, Study, investigation, and commentary made by  Adel Ahmad Abdul Maujud and Ali Muhammad Mu’waez Special Edition 2003, Volume-1, Page -242, كتاب الطهارة, printed by Darul Kutubil Alamih, Beirut, Lebanon

4. Matanul Khulasa Fi Usulil Fiqhi,Author-محمد بن شامى بن مطاعن شيبة العدوي القرشي

5. Nurul Anwar Fi Sharhil Manar, Author-Ahmad Ibn Abi Sayeed renowned as Molla Jewan Al-Hanafi, Volume-1, Page -85, Verified and made footnote on it by Hafiz Sanaullah Azzahedi, Printed in Pakistan.

6. اصول السرخسى Author – Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Abi Sahl As-Sarakhsi, Volume-1, Page-14, and this book was investigated by Wafa Al-Afghani.